Wandering around the Internet in search of interesting information for its website, the site came across one of the forums with the interesting name “Podvalchik”, where a user under the login “Swan” (although the avatar depicts a Belka) sets out in simple colloquial language the past and present of Verkhnaya Salda and a little about Nizhnyaya Salda and neighboring settlements.
At first I just wanted to take some of the information to use in my materials, but then I decided that it would be interesting to leave it “as is,” although I still slightly corrected it. Photos also taken from there.
This material will be especially interesting as general information for guests of Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda. The forum itself is located at:
"http://www.podvalchik.ru/index.php?showtopic=4936&st=0"
So, the objects of our research are:
1. the city of Verkhnyaya Salda, with a population of 47.4 thousand people;
2. the city of Nizhnyaya Salda, with a population of 17.9 thousand people, 10 km from Verkhnyaya Salda;
3. ZATO Svobodny, with a population of 10.1 thousand people, 15 km from Verkhnyaya Salda.
In addition, the following settlements are of interest:
The villages of Basyanovsky (Basyanovka) and Shaitansky (Shaitanka);
The village of Nikitino (formerly Cheremshanka);
The villages of Akinfievo and Medvedevo are the oldest settlements of these places, known since the 17th century.
And other interesting places.
You ask me, on what basis did I unite such different settlements? But which one.
In Soviet times, they were a single whole and were part of the Vernesaldinsky district. They were controlled from Verkhnyaya Salda by an bureaucratic staff of fifty people, including 2 cleaners. Until now, the area is served by a general ATP, a bakery, they have the same intercity code (34345) telephone numbers in Verkhnyaya Salda begin with “2” and “5”, and in Nizhnyaya with “3”.
However, if Soviet officials somehow knew how to multiply and add, the current ones only know how to subtract and divide. The Verkhnesaldinsky district was also divided into pieces.
Scary. Secret. Military. The village of Iva turned into ZATO Svobodny. The Siamese twins Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda also separated. But they are inextricably linked by a common history to this day.
THIS IS HOW THE UPPER SALDA LOOKED IN THE 19th century.
In 1995, the population of Verkhnyaya Salda was 53.6 thousand people, there were 45 thousand voters. Now there are 41,714 voters. The largest population was in 1990 - 56,000 people, we are now somewhere at the level of 1973, because in 1970 the population was 44.7 thousand people.
I could not find the population of Iva and Nizhnyaya Salda that year, but I remember well that in the 1998 elections to the Legislative Assembly there were 8,000 voters in Iva (now 6,638). In Nizhnyaya Salda there were about 18,000 (now 14,765). The entire population of the Nizhnesaldinsky urban district is now just over 18 thousand people.
So in just 15 years our cities have lost up to 10% of their population! And these are relatively prosperous cities, so what can we say about depressed areas?
The standard of living in Verkhnaya Salda can be judged by this interesting fact. Verkhnyaya Salda ranks 7th (!) in Russia, and first in the Sverdlovsk region in terms of the number of cars per capita. And this is not counting the foreign cars that are registered in Tagil. True, I haven’t seen Maybachs or Hummers in Salda yet, but middle-class cars are still scurrying around. Recently we became acquainted with such a shameful phenomenon of Western life as traffic jams.
Those arriving in the city for the first time will be struck by the incredible number of taxis. Taxi has become a common means of transportation. I haven't taken a bus in recent years. Many city residents prefer to go to work by taxi, so calling a car from 7 to 9 am is very problematic. Now interesting communities have even begun to emerge - each taxi driver has his own clientele of 10-20 people, whom he takes in turn to the place of duty. Such a trip costs, depending on the distance and agency, from 50 to 100 rubles.
So the game is worth the trouble - 10-15 minutes and you’re already at work.
The village of Svobodny is also not in poverty, this suggests that the military received a pay increase. For example, last year (the material was written in 2012) their electricity was turned off for two days (the line was being repaired), so half of the village left and went to Tagil - all the hotels in those days were filled to capacity.
Well, for now the gist of the matter is a little from the history of how Salda was formed.
Actually, the Demidov factories began with the smart, clever and successful Tula gunsmith Nikita Demidov. He attracted the attention of Peter I after he agreed to supply the army with 300 fuses no worse than the German ones for one and a half rubles.
The Nizhnesaldinsky and Verkhnesaldinsky factories were part of the Nizhny Tagil group of factories, which were managed by Nikita’s grandson, Nikita Akinfievich Demidov. He founded them in 1760 and 1778, respectively.
Nikita Akinfievich's grandson, the famous Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov, was already a count. Pavel Nikolaevich loved everything unusual, beautiful and exquisite, was a passionate collector, and therefore married the first beauty of St. Petersburg, Aurora Karlovna Shernval.
Aurora Karlovna did not live long in her marriage. Less than four years later, the husband died of transient consumption, leaving his wife with a small son in her arms to manage numerous Ural factories. She lived in Nizhny Tagil for a long time, tirelessly doing charity work. People loved her, they named streets and newly founded settlements after her. In Verkhnaya Salda the central street was called Avrorinskaya, now it is Lenin Street.
Each city or other settlement has its own face, unique local flavor, individuality, its own unofficial history and, of course, mythology.
And Verkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Salda have their own unique relationship. Nizhnyaya Salda is now three times smaller than Verkhnyaya, but this was not always the case. Verkhnyaya Salda generally received city status only in 1939, and began to develop rapidly in the post-war years. This is due to the fact that during the war the number plant was evacuated here, and in the 50s our famous press began operating. Verkhnyaya Salda began to grow up and pat her sister on the shoulder, but still the dominance of the older sister was felt in everything, even some strange rivalry arose, almost enmity. Still would! Despite all the merits of Nizhnyaya Salda, it was still united into the Verkhnesaldinsky district.
Officially, the inhabitants of both Saldas are called Saldinians, but the authentic name is Saldaman. Saldamane, these are like super practical kurkuls.
Salda residents are ordinary people, hard workers.
And the Saldamans are constantly buying something: sour cream in cans, meat in carcasses, washing machines in carloads. Every Saldamanian has at least a car and a motorcycle in his garage, an old Singer and a modern Chaika in his house. They said that in Salda there was Zhukov’s Victory and Goering’s Horch.
And, characteristically, titanium is everywhere! The fittings in the garages, the rivets on the roofs shine, and even the vegetable gardens are wrapped not even with wire, but with the thinnest titanium tubes in several rows. True, in the dashing 90s, all titanium was handed over to resellers and now serves the capitalists. You can’t even imagine how much leftover metal was handed over! Tens of tons. What fortunes have people made for themselves from this? Eh-h-h... It was rumored that even the world-famous titanium ingot of 15 tons was cut and sold.
If we talk about myths, then we should start with myth No. 1, cosmogonic.
When we began to actively get acquainted with the city and its inhabitants, a mysterious story was told in my ear. That the word “Salda” is an old toponym, practically a copy of the aboriginal language and means “pit”, some added “rotten” and even “rotten” to this. I was surprised, but I believed. Then I heard the same myth, word for word, in another city with a different name, but when I heard in Krasnoturinsk that this was a “local, ancient toponym,” the myth sewn with white threads disappeared like smoke.
In fact, Salda is the Linden River and the northern edge of the linden distribution area. Indeed, linden no longer grows north of Salda. And there are countless toponyms, and hydronyms, respectively, with the part “yes” (river) in the Urals: Tavda, Revda and others.
Salda flows into Tagil, Tagil into Tura, Tura into Tobol, Tobol into Irtysh, Irtysh into Ob. The Ob basin, by the way, is the largest in Russia.
So this is about some kind of rivalry between cities.
In the local language, apparently dating back to Demidov’s times, Nizhnyaya Salda is called Murlyndiya, and Upper Salda is called Kurlandia.
In Nizhnyaya Salda, zealous owners sew felt boots for sparrows so that they do not scratch the freshly painted roofs with their claws. Firewood is painted to prevent theft. True, they revealed to me a secret that in fact they are painted with oil paint from the end so that they do not absorb water and remain dry.
Potatoes are planted from a gun. For what the hell, I never managed to find out. By the way, both Saldas do not plant vegetable gardens, but “plant them.” “Plant gardens” - even the newspapers write that. And they imprisoned every single one, from the general director to the last handyman.
Oh, and the antennas are also painted with multi-colored paint so that the neighbors think that the TV is color. Well, this is no longer relevant. The lower ones are also called blue-bellied ones, and the upper ones are called carrots.
If they want to emphasize a woman’s special bitchiness, they say: “Well, she’s from Nizhny Aldinskaya!” Even more bitchy - Cheremshansky (now the village of Nikitino)
Also, saldamans don’t work, and p O beat. And they go "r" O hit the factory." It was then that I came across the concept of a city-factory for the first time. Whoever you come to visit, one of the first questions is: "in which workshop O I mean?”, and they are very surprised if the name of the organization is unfamiliar, they immediately begin to calculate which workshop they opened.
Also, the Saldaman (older generation) do not really like cases:
Well, I put on two pants...
I can't see anything without glasses...
Where are you going without a queue...
We went to Moscow and didn’t like it at all.
And at one time the famous writer Mamin-Sibiryak lived in Nizhnyaya Salda. Among the people he left a strange memory of a heavy drunkard and a terrible womanizer, although the workers of the wonderful museum named after. They didn’t tell me about Dmitry Narkisovich in the Literary Quarter of Yekaterinburg. In the novel "Privalov's Millions" and other works of the author you can read a description of the places, life, way of life and customs of the Saldaman of those times.
In Soviet times, there were more than fifty kindergartens in Verkhnyaya Salda, now only 18 remain. The problems in kindergartens are the same as everywhere else - lack of staff due to low wages, lack of funds, abuse.
In Nizhnyaya Salda it’s even less.
There are private kindergartens, but they are not taking root well. There is a lot of hassle, but the income is not very good. The best option is when one mother takes care of two or three.
Salaries in Salda are different.
1. Factory.
As far as I know, there is no less than 6-7 thousand. But this is rare. The dishwasher gets 8.
But mostly people get 12-15 thousand. But it’s different for everyone. It depends on the length of service, the salary scale, length of service and, which is very important, on the relationship with management. The bosses get paid a lot.
2. Budget.
Doctors also get paid differently. Head department of at least fifty. Not bad local police officers. Who has what capabilities and needs.
The salaries of the police and private security were increased too. Although the cops lived well anyway. In the morning, the cop's car park is lined up more abruptly than the tax office's.
3. Private business.
Sellers, on average, are in their twenties.
The funeral business is thriving, as is the production of monuments. There's at least twenty there. Taxi drivers have an average salary of thirty. There is more, there is less. It is profitable to make plastic windows, doors. Notaries spend a lot of money. Now good specialists with work experience are valued. A good accountant is in great demand, but a bad one spends months looking for a job.
In general, those who spin have a good time. For water does not flow under a lying stone.
True, there is one nuance here. More recently, Verkhnaya Salda received the status of a SEZ (special economic zone) “Titanium Valley”, the need for which was spoken about by the Bolsheviks, and Rosaviaprom is preparing to expand here. Apparently, this will also affect Nizhnyaya Salda, because NIImash is located there - a unique production of low-thrust rocket engines, they are supervised by Roscosmos.
In Verkhnyaya Salda there is a children's hang gliding club "POLYOT".
He is about thirty years old.
Evgeny Kolesnichenko died on May 16, 2012 while testing a new device(Note from Site Administrator).
Classes at the club are absolutely free for participants, since the club is on the balance sheet of VSMPO-AVISMA.
The guys attend competitions of various levels, fly around cities and villages and take pictures of what they see. Here, for example, is what the Demidovs’ patrimony of Nevyansk looks like from a bird’s eye view. Almost the entire historical center of the city is visible with the famous leaning tower, built in the mid-18th century according to the model of the Pisan one.
Here is a very interesting version of a copy from the 1809 plan of Verkhnaya Salda.
And now the historical center from a bird's eye view:
Here's a closer look at the church:
And sometimes, at sunset after the rain, it looks like this:
The history of this church is quite interesting.
Actually, I don’t really believe in the mysticism and magic of numbers, but still:
In 1836, construction was completed and a wooden Orthodox church in the name of St. Apostle John the Theologian.
in 1896, a stone church was built on the same site.
In 1936 the church was blown up.
In 1996, the restoration of the church actually began
In 2006, church crosses were made and consecrated.
A year later, all 7 of its bells and the Temple in the name of St. were raised to the bell tower of the temple. The apostle and evangelist John the Theologian began his second life.
And this is what the procession looks like now:
The church stands exactly in the same place as before; for this purpose, its original foundation was carefully examined and restored.
So, previously, on the site of the restored temple, exactly on its foundation, there was a memorial complex dedicated to those who fell in the Great Patriotic War. And in front of the memorial there was a monument to Lenin, in front of which demonstrations took place on the May and October holidays.
This is what the monument to Lenin looked like in the complex with the podium in the 70s. Even in the b/w photo you can see that it is gilded. (And points with his hand to the toilet next to the bus station.) As for the toilet, that’s what the local evil tongues said, and so for the factory. Old, of course.
After the vandal attack, the leader of the world proletariat moved a little higher (up the street), he stands in front of the Family Reading Library. Very good and free library. It has a wide variety of publications and hosts cultural events for children and adults.
This is what Lenin is like now. Really, you won't know? He looks like a war veteran with amputated legs.
Well, good, at least they returned this one. Grandfather, dear one, according to his GOELRO plan, the whole country was developed, the legacy of which we are now mediocrely eating away.
Children will not become citizens and people if they do not have a history.
And in general, I don’t like this vicious practice of toppling monuments. The monument is a memory! Let it cost.
Lenin is there as a sign of the presence of a cultural institution. Well, so that it is immediately clear that there is no kindergarten there.
Now let’s take a little walk through the areas of Verkhnyaya Salda.
In this photo, right in the center you see a bizarrely curved group of houses, there are about fifteen of them, starting from Voronov, 2 and stretching along the entire street, bending towards the neighboring one.
This group is popularly called the Chinese Wall, colloquially simply “The Wall” or “China”.
So, if you ask anyone in Verkhnaya Salda where he lives, and in response you hear: “In the wall,” do not be surprised, this is not a walled-up Piglet, but simply a resident of Voronova Street.
This same area is visible in its entirety as we approach, such an almost regular pentagon with its tip pointing at us? Behind it, the rectangle of another area, "The Living and the Dead", is clearly visible. Local wits called it that because the microdistrict began to be built across the road from the old Saldinsky cemetery, so that ancestors and descendants coexist comfortably.
And here is a very good photo of “The Living and the Dead” from Mill Hill. The microdistrict, gas station, road to the SES and Nizhnyaya Salda are clearly visible, and only on the right, if you look closely, you can see the cemetery.
In this photo you can clearly see a private development area called “Cape”, and in the center a little higher up you can see a strange group of buildings - this is a helicopter factory, one of the most interesting enterprises in the city.
Do you see a pine forest around? Moreover, we are located at the very top of Melnichnaya, so our air is better than in any sanatorium, and the water! The water from a separate well is clean and tasty. We drink straight from the tap.
One of the most picturesque corners of Verkhnyaya Salda is the Maly Mys area.
Here it is approaching, in the foreground there is an old factory, and the Small Cape is in the distance, you can see that the flat land juts into the pond.
And here it is in the palm of your hand!
And I just really like this photo.
And here is a piece of Zareka and the Small Cape, in the middle there is a pond. Traces from cars are visible on the ice, and black dots are fishermen, ice fishing enthusiasts.
And here you can see the coastal part of the cape. The road and almost the entire Small Cape are clearly visible; in the upper left corner are the collective gardens. Take a closer look, in the center, against the background of snow, you can see a rather strange pattern, reminiscent of a Budenovsky helmet. This is a training ground where karting and motocross competitions are held both in winter and summer. The roar is so loud that we can hear it on Helicopter. If you go to the right in the photo, there is Melnichnaya.
And this is the competition itself:
Rowan is a symbol of the Urals.
The wind floats in a quiet song over the river,
The factory glows with distant lightning.
Somewhere the train is rolling along like points of fire,
Somewhere under the rowan tree the guys are waiting for me.
White flowers,
Oh, rowan, rowan,
Why are you sad?..
Evgeniy Pavlovich was born in the Urals, lived for many years in Nizhnyaya Salda, fought, and after the war he graduated from the conservatory. February 16 is his birthday (1925).
Fourth from the left - Evgeniy Pavlovich, with a button accordion.
He is still very easy to communicate with, he is often invited to events, and even though he is an honorary citizen of Yekaterinburg, he rarely refuses anyone.
By the way, the song “Oh, Curly Rowan” was performed by the Ural Choir in the film directed by Petrovich “The Master and Margarita”. Apparently Morricone thought it would be very colorful to illustrate the era of the 30s with post-war Soviet songs. In the film, the song sounds against the backdrop of old buildings and numerous church domes. What a laugh!
The settlement is located on the banks of the Salda River, 176 km from the regional capital.
On the territory of the city there is a large reservoir formed by the Salda River and Mount Melnichaya with the ski base of the same name.
The foundation of Verkhnaya Salda took place in 1778 thanks to the Demidov family. At the same time, the Saldinsky Ironworks was opened, which became famous throughout the world thanks to its high-quality long products.
A plant for the production of bridges and metal structures was also opened in the city. This event became a catalyst for the economic development of the village. In December 1938, the workers' settlement received city status. Today, PJSC VSMPO-AVISMA Corporation, the world's largest production of titanium products, operates in the city.
In the near future, the authorities plan to open a special zone “Titanium Valley”. For these purposes, the Verkhnyaya Salda railway junction will be improved.
The telephone code of Verkhnyaya Salda is 34345. The postal code is 624760.
Climate and weather
A temperate continental climate prevails in Verkhnyaya Salda. Winters are long and cold. Summer is warm and short. The warmest month is July - average temperature is 18 degrees C, the coldest month is January - average temperature is -14 degrees C.
Average annual precipitation is 581 mm. The average annual relative humidity is 75%.
Weather in Verkhnyaya Salda
Population of the city of Verkhnyaya Salda for 2018-2019
Population data was obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of residents over the past 10 years.
The total number of residents in 2018 was 42.2 thousand people.
The data from the graph shows a steady decline in population from 49,400 people in 2006 to 42,166 people in 2018.
As of January 2018, Verkhnyaya Salda ranked 362nd out of 1,113 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of population.
Sights of Verkhnyaya Salda
1.Verkhnesaldinsky pond- this artificial reservoir was created in 1778 by workers of an ironworks. At first, the pond was used to obtain energy from it, which was supplied to the plant. After a while, the plant completely switched to conventional electricity, and the pond became a place for fishing and recreation for the local population.
2.Museum of Local Lore- located in the factory office. The museum was founded in 1996, but began accepting visitors only in 2001.
3.St. John the Theologian Church- this church was built in 1890. During the USSR, the temple was destroyed and closed. The restoration of the religious building was organized only in the 1990s.
Transport
The city has a railway station that connects Verkhnyaya Salda with Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil and other cities. City transport is represented by several bus routes.
No. 1. People's construction site - Small Cape.
No. 2. Shopping center - People's construction site.
No. 3. Shopping center - People's construction site.
No. 5. Shopping center - Kindergarten No. 12.
No. 6. Shopping center - Workshop No. 21.
No. 9. Shopping center - Kindergarten No. 5.
No. 11. Voronova - Lesnaya.
General information and history
The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is located in the west of the Sverdlovsk region, 120 km from its capital and 25 km from Nizhny Tagil. The Salda River flows through its territory. It is the administrative center of the Verkhnesaldinsky urban district and part of the Nizhny Tagil agglomeration.
The layout of Verkhnaya Salda is typical for Ural industrial cities. The city was built around a metallurgical plant and a technical pond attached to it. The Salda River and the railway divide Verkhnyaya Salda into northern and southern parts.
The history of the city began when in 1759 Elizaveta Petrovna gave the Salda forest dacha to the industrialist Nikita Akinfeevich Demidov, where he built the Nizhne-Saldinsky (metallurgical) plant in 1760, and the Verkhne-Saldinsky (iron-smelting) plant in 1778. On December 6 of the same year, the first cast iron was produced at the Verkhne-Saldinsky plant. It was decided to consider this date as the day of the formation of Verkhnaya Salda, which grew out of the village formed at the Verkhne-Salda plant. At the same time, 80 working families originally from Vyatka, Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod lands, who had previously worked at Nizhny Tagil factories, were resettled to this village. Then, a little later, people from Novorossiya began to live here. As of 1797, the population of the village of Verkhne-Saldinsky Plant was 996 people.
Already in the 19th century, in 1836, the first wooden church, named in honor of John the Evangelist, was opened in Verkhnyaya Salda; eleven years later, a factory for washing gold-bearing sands began operating, and in 1873, the Isinsky sheet rolling plant began operating. In 1895, a railway connection appeared between Verkhnyaya Salda and Nizhny Tagil. The following year, the stone Church of St. John the Evangelist was consecrated in the village. Ten years later the first library was opened, and in 1916 the railway station was opened.
During the Civil War, when the front line approached the village in 1918, the activities of the Nizhne-Saldinsky plant had to be stopped. Then Verkhnaya Salda was occupied by Kolchak’s troops, who in July 1919 were expelled by Red Army soldiers from the 23rd Verkhnekamsk Regiment of the Special Brigade of the 3rd Army of the Eastern Front.
When Soviet power was already established, a radio and a pioneer organization appeared in the village in 1924. Five years later, Verkhnyaya Salda became a workers' village, and on December 24, 1938 it was given city status.
In the 30s, a plant for metal structures and bridges was opened here, in the construction of which residents of Moscow, Leningrad and other Soviet cities participated, a bakery, a Basyanovsky peat enterprise and a factory rest house.
In the fall of 1941, the steel bridge plant was dismantled, and its equipment was transported to Chelyabinsk. In exchange, one of the metalworking plants near Moscow was evacuated to Verkhnaya Salda. In May of the following year, it was classified as a city of regional subordination.
After the war ended, in the 50s a recreation center named after them appeared in the city. 1 May, a dairy factory, a music school, a sports stadium and intercity communication with neighboring Nizhnyaya Salda. In 1957, planned construction of modern residential buildings began here.
In 1966, the Kedr cinema began operating, and in 1971, the Verkhnesaldinsky Metalworking Plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Seven years later the city itself was awarded, then it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
In post-Soviet times, in 2007, the Church of St. John the Evangelist, destroyed by the Bolsheviks in the 20s, was restored, and three years later a special economic industrial production zone “Titanium Valley” was created in Verkhnyaya Salda. This name is due to the fact that the VSMPO-AVISMA plant operates in the city, which is a world leader in the production of semi-finished products from titanium alloys for aerospace purposes and a supplier of titanium parts for aircraft manufacturing companies Airbus and Boeing.
Population of Verkhnyaya Salda for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Verkhnyaya Salda
Data on the number of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Verkhnyaya Salda. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Verkhnyaya Salda by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.
Graph of population changes in Verkhnyaya Salda:
The population of Verkhnyaya Salda in 2017 was 42,733 people, which puts it in 361st place in the list of 1,112 cities in Russia.
The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?
Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
-
UVA. Long-wave radiation range
315–400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.
-
UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
280–315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
-
UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
100–280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.
At what UV index values is there a danger?
The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.
- 0–2 Low
- 3–5 Moderate
- 6–7 High
- 8–10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values (6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.
What are the benefits of the sun?
In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.
Why is the sun dangerous?
When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain
How the Sun affects people
Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is most influenced by the Sun?
People with fair hair
skin tone
People with many moles
Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south
Winter lovers
fishing
Skiers and climbers
People with a family history of skin cancer
In what weather is the sun more dangerous?
It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:
Spend less time in the sun during midday hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
Stay in the shade more on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreens vary in their degree of sun protection and are labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to Apply Sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.
How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes away the protective film and, by reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.
Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.
Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned
Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.
Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas
If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention
Which federal district does the city of Verkhnyaya Salda belong to?
The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is part of the federal district: Ural.The Federal District is an enlarged territory consisting of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
In what region is the city of Verkhnyaya Salda located?
The city of Verkhnyaya Salda is part of the Sverdlovsk region.A characteristic of a region or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region.
The Sverdlovsk region is an administrative unit of the state of Russia.
