Ulm is a German city with the tallest cathedral in the world. Also in Germany, in the cities of Cologne and Hamburg, there are two more of the five highest churches on the planet.
These include the French cathedral at Rouen and the grandiose basilica at Yamoussoukro, the capital of the West African country of Côte d'Ivoire. The article provides a brief description, history and photographs of the highest cathedral in the world, as well as four churches that have slightly lost to him in this championship.
Ulm Cathedral
With a stunning gothic (total height of 162 m) is located in the center of the German city of Ulm, on the spacious Marktplatz square. This cathedral is the highest in the world, it rises above all other city buildings, it can be seen from the Danube and even areas located on the opposite bank. The laying of the Catholic church took place in 1377. The predominant part of the building was erected in the period from 1392 to 1405, after which the consecration ceremony was performed, and the church received the first parishioners. Although Ulm Cathedral remained unfinished according to plan, construction work stopped as the vaults reached the maximum weight that the walls of the side aisles could support.
After the renewed construction of 1530-1543, the building, together with the bell tower, reached a height of 100 m. Due to the strengthening of Protestantism in Germany, the cathedral became Lutheran by the middle of the 16th century, which it still remains. The last stage of construction work took place from 1817 to 1890, after which the completed temple with its openwork tent of the bell tower became the tallest cathedral in the world. During the bombing by American aircraft in 1944, the city turned into ruins, but the building remained untouchable and was not damaged at all. Its magnificent architecture and interior design invariably attract many tourists to Ulm, which is not rich in sights.
Notre Dame de la Paix
This 158-meter basilica lacks a little more than four meters to be revered as the tallest cathedral in the world. But the 30,000 sq. meters is considered the largest church on the planet, which is recorded by the World Book of Records. It is located in Yamoussoukro, the new capital of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, once called the Ivory Coast. Erected in honor of the Mother of God of the World, the church became a copy of the Roman Cathedral of St. Peter, surpassing it in height and area, as well as striving to compete with the main temple of the Vatican in beauty and luxury.
The construction of such a large-scale Catholic sanctuary in a very poor African country, where Christians make up 33% of the population and Muslims 39%, was the decision of President Felix Houphouet-Boignype. From the beginning of construction in 1985 to its completion in 1989, about 300 million US dollars were spent, which doubled the republic's external debt per capita, exceeding the similar indicators of all African countries.
It is curious that the consecration of the cathedral took place after the completion of its construction in 1989. At the request of the president to consecrate the temple, the Pope put forward a condition: a state hospital should be built near Notre Dame de la Paix. After the president's promise to build a hospital, the pontiff himself laid a stone next to the completed church, which served as the foundation for the building and is usually considered the first in temple construction. The consecration ceremony took place in September 1990, conducted personally by John Paul II, and a month and a half later, the Vatican decided to give the cathedral the honorary position of a minor basilica.
Cologne Cathedral
The 157-meter temple, which took the third position in the list of the tallest, again directs attention to the medieval Cathedral in the rich and powerful Cologne was originally conceived as a large-scale and majestic structure that overshadows other temples. It was supposed not only to be the main cathedral and the residence of the archbishop, but also as a repository of the remains of the Three Kings (Holy Magi). The relic was received from the emperor Barbarossa in gratitude for the service by the military leader Rainald von Dassel in 1164, after which he moved it to Cologne. From precious metals and stones for the relics, a shrine was built for ten years, which is considered a masterpiece of Romanesque art. This shrine, along with no less valuable relics, the staff and monstrance of St. Peter is still kept in the cathedral.
In 1248, the first stone was laid by the Archbishop of Cologne, which marked the founding of the cathedral. This was followed by the first, almost two-century stage of construction, which lasted from 1248 to 1437. The structure was erected in accordance with the design of Gerhard von Riehl, the first and main architect of the Cologne Cathedral. Separate work on the installation of the roof continued until the beginning of the 16th century. However, the cathedral was without towers, and a number of works remained unfinished.
Financing and construction resumed from 1842, and in 1863 the construction of two identical towers began. By mid-October 1880, they were completed and reached a height of 157 meters. On this, the construction of the Cologne Cathedral, which as a whole lasted 632 years, was completely completed. The building is included in the UNESCO cultural heritage list, it impresses with its ancient grandeur and Gothic beauty, although it is not the tallest cathedral in the world. Photos only remotely convey its legendary splendor and monumentality.
Rouen Cathedral
Reaching 151 meters, this temple is famous for being crowned by the world's tallest cast iron tower. The history of the Rouen Cathedral is marked by a series of destruction and restoration. Among the tallest churches on the planet, this building, perhaps, can be called the most ancient.
The construction of the Romanesque building began in the 1020s; the crypt has been preserved from the architecture of those times. The Romanesque nave collapsed after a fire, and after 1200 a new, Gothic one took its place. All parts of the church were gradually replaced, and the current image of the cathedral is fully consistent with the architectural canons of the Gothic. In the XVIII century, significant damage was caused by a strong hurricane. But the biggest destruction was caused by air strikes on the city during military operations in the spring of 1944. The most ancient element of the Rouen Cathedral was the tower of Saint-Romain built in 1145, from which, after the bombardment on April 1, only the charred walls of the base remained. An explosion on 19 April severely damaged the chapels and nave, and the north tower burned out on 31 May. The last damage to the building was the damage to the bell tower after the December 1999 storm. Due to the frequent destruction of the temple is subject to constant reconstruction. Today, the current Rouen Cathedral is a monument of French national heritage.
Cathedral of Saint Nicholas
The architecture of most Christian churches includes bell towers, spiers and towers. The vertical dimensions of the temples are mainly indicated by their height. The tallest cathedrals in the world include a 147-meter tower in the German city of Hamburg. It belonged to the Lutheran church of St. Nicholas, the ruins of which have been preserved from war times as a reminder of the victims of the arbitrariness of 1933-1945. Inside the tower there is an elevator that takes you up to the observation deck, located under the very spire. And nearby in the pavilion is a museum of the history of the temple. In terms of height, the tower structure is considered the second building in Hamburg and the fifth among the tallest cathedrals on the planet.
Orthodox churches
The highest Orthodox cathedral is the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. It reaches 122.5 m and ranks 22nd in the world ranking of the tallest churches. Once Russian tsars were buried in it, now it is an inactive temple and an architectural monument. Until the middle of the last century, the cathedral was the highest building in Russia, and until 2012 - in St. Petersburg. Among the active Orthodox (103 m) in Moscow is considered to be the highest today. It is followed by St. Isaac's Cathedral (101.5 m) in St. Petersburg.
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
height: 103 meters
The Cathedral Cathedral of Christ the Savior (Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ) in Moscow is the cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church near the Kremlin on the left bank of the Moscow River. The existing building is an external reconstruction of the temple of the same name, created in the 19th century, carried out in the 1990s. The names of officers of the Russian army who fell in the war of 1812 and other close military campaigns were inscribed on the walls of the temple.
The original temple was erected in memory of the Napoleonic invasion: “to preserve the eternal memory of that unparalleled zeal, fidelity and love for the Faith and the Fatherland, with which the Russian people exalted themselves in these difficult times, and to commemorate Our gratitude to the Providence of God, which saved Russia from the threatened her death." It was designed by the architect Konstantin Ton. Construction lasted almost 44 years: the temple was founded on September 23, 1839, consecrated on May 26, 1883.
The newly built Cathedral of Christ the Savior is considered the largest cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church. The temple is designed for
10,000 people
Saint Isaac's Cathedral
height: 101.5 meters
St. Isaac's Cathedral (the official name is the Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dalmatia) is the largest Orthodox church in St. Petersburg. Located on St. Isaac's Square. Has the status of a museum; The church community, registered in June 1991, has the opportunity to worship on special days with the permission of the museum directorate. It was consecrated in the name of the Monk Isaac of Dalmatia, revered as a saint by Peter I, since the emperor was born on the day of his memory - May 30 according to the Julian calendar.
Built in 1818-1858 by architect Auguste Montferrand; the construction was supervised by Emperor Nicholas I, the chairman of the construction commission was Karl Opperman.
St. Isaac's Cathedral - an outstanding example of late classicism
Transfiguration Cathedral
height: 96 meters
The Transfiguration Cathedral is an Orthodox cathedral in Khabarovsk, built on the steep bank of the Amur in 2001-2004. According to a number of sources, it is the third tallest church in Russia after the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, as well as the tallest building in Khabarovsk.
The height of the domes of the Transfiguration Cathedral is 83 meters, the height with crosses is 95 meters. For comparison, the height of the Radio House, located next to the temple, is a little over 40 meters. The temple was designed by architects Yuri Zhivetiev, Nikolai Prokudin and Evgeny Semyonov. The frescoes inside the temple (on the dome of the Almighty Savior and the apostles) were made by a group of Moscow artists, specially invited to Khabarovsk on this occasion by Bishop Mark of Khabarovsk and Amur. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral is able to simultaneously receive three thousand parishioners.
Smolny Cathedral
height: 93.7 meters
Smolny Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ (Smolny Cathedral) is part of the architectural ensemble of the Smolny Monastery, which is located in St. Petersburg on the left bank of the Neva on Smolnaya Embankment. It is also a concert venue for classical music.
According to the layout of the ensemble of the Smolny Monastery (stored in the Museum of the Academy of Arts), a high 140-meter five-tiered bell tower was to be built. Thus, the height of this bell tower by 18 meters would exceed the height of the spire of the bell tower of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, and could become the tallest building in Europe. The first tier of the bell tower was supposed to serve as a triumphal arch - the main entrance to the monastery, the second - the gate church, and the belfries were to be located in the remaining three. The bell tower was to be completed by a small turret with three round windows and a dome with a cross crowning it.
However, contrary to popular belief, the ensemble of the Smolny Monastery was left without a bell tower at the behest of Rastrelli himself, and not because of a lack of funds (the construction of the bell tower was suspended in 1756, before Russia entered the Seven Years' War), although both of these facts could become decisive.
and here is the layout of "Smolny"
Alexander Nevsky New Fair Cathedral
height: 87 meters
The Cathedral of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky (Novoyarmarochny) is an Orthodox cathedral (since 2009) in Nizhny Novgorod. It was built in 1868-1881 according to the project of the architect L.V. Dahl.
In the protruding western vestibule, on the choirs of the large cathedral, there is the winter church of Macarius Zheltovodsky and Unzhensky.
In 1856, the fair merchants expressed a desire to build a second Orthodox fair temple in memory of Emperor Alexander II's visit to the fair and applied for the construction of a new cathedral to Bishop Anthony of Nizhny Novgorod, who, in turn, to the governor A. N. Muravyov. Donations were collected. The necessary funds (454 thousand 667 rubles 28 kopecks) were collected over 10 years.
On September 8, 1864, the symbolic laying of the foundation stone for the future temple took place. By 1864, the project of the provincial architect R. Ya. Kilevein was ready. It had to be reworked due to insufficient strength; after that, it turned out that there was not enough funding for such a project. The new project proposed by the young architect L.V. Dahl was also not approved.
On November 18, 1865, the project of the church was approved by the government. The authorship of the government-approved project has not yet been established accurately. In 1866, L. V. Dal returned to Nizhny Novgorod for permanent residence from abroad and finalized the design of the cathedral.
Blagoveshchensky cathedral
height: 85 meters
Cathedral of the Annunciation is an Orthodox church of the Russian Orthodox Church, located in the center of the city of Voronezh. It was built according to the project of the architect V.P. Shevelev in the Russian-Byzantine style. The cathedral is located on Revolution Avenue on the territory of Pervomaisky Garden. Construction was carried out from 1998 to 2009. The construction of the temple was blessed by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II during his visit to Voronezh.
In Voronezh, the Annunciation Cathedral (until 1836), the Smolensk Trinity Cathedral (closed in 1932), and the Intercession Cathedral (from 1948 to the present) had the status of a cathedral. The first two cathedrals were destroyed in their time.
Different researchers give different dates for the founding of the Cathedral of the Annunciation. Metropolitan of Kiev Eugene (Bolkhotnikov) believed that it was founded in 1620. Others believed that the date of foundation should be taken as 1586, that is, the year the city of Voronezh was founded.
Initially, the Church of the Annunciation was built of wood. Due to frequent fires, the temple was rebuilt, sometimes even moved to another place.
Savior on Spilled Blood
height: 81 meters
The Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ on Blood or the Church of the Savior on Blood in St. Petersburg is an Orthodox memorial single-altar church in the name of the Resurrection of Christ; It was built in memory of the fact that on this place on March 1, 1881, as a result of an assassination attempt, Emperor Alexander II was mortally wounded (the expression on the blood indicates the blood of the king). The temple was built as a monument to the Tsar-Martyr with funds collected from all over Russia.
It is located in the historical center of St. Petersburg on the banks of the Griboedov Canal next to the Mikhailovsky Garden and Konyushennaya Square, not far from the Field of Mars. The height of the nine-domed temple is 81 m, the capacity is up to 1600 people. It is a museum and a monument of Russian architecture.
On March 1, 1881, on the embankment of the Catherine Canal, Emperor Alexander II was mortally wounded as a result of an attack by the Narodnaya Volya terrorist I. I. Grinevitsky.
Already on March 2, at an emergency meeting, the City Duma asked Emperor Alexander III, who had ascended the throne, "to allow the city public administration to erect ... a chapel or a monument at the expense of the city." He replied: "It would be desirable to have a church ... and not a chapel." However, it was still decided to build a temporary chapel.
The project was entrusted to the architect L. N. Benois. The work was carried out quickly, so that on April 17, 1881, the chapel was consecrated and commemorative requiems began to be held in it. It cost practically nothing to the Duma: it was installed by the merchant of the 1st guild Gromov, the construction work was paid for by the merchant Militin, who also became the headman. This chapel remained on the embankment until the beginning of the construction of the temple - until the spring of 1883, after which it was moved to Konyushennaya Square, where it stood for another 9 years and was finally dismantled.
Trinity Izmailovsky Cathedral
height: 80 meters
Trinity-Izmailovsky Cathedral (Trinity Cathedral) - Orthodox Cathedral on Trinity Square in the Admiralteysky district of St. Petersburg. The full name is the Cathedral of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity of the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment.
The parish of the temple belongs to the St. Petersburg diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, is part of the Admiralty deanery district. Rector - Archpriest Gennady Bartov.
Under Emperor Peter I, a wooden chapel stood on this site.
After the flood, the architect V.P. Stasov was asked to develop a project for a new stone church. At the same time, the old wooden church should have remained a model.
The laying of the new church was made on May 13 (25), 1828 by Metropolitan Seraphim (Glagolevsky). The celebration was attended by Empress Maria Feodorovna and Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich. The construction was carried out at the personal expense of Emperor Nicholas I and government money. The cost of building the cathedral was 3 million rubles. Four years later, the building was rough ready and interior decoration began. During the construction process, it was necessary to restore the dome, which was torn down by a storm on February 23 (March 7), 1834, and rewrite some of the images.
Trinity Cathedral
height: 78 meters
The Holy Trinity Cathedral in Pskov is an Orthodox church, the cathedral of the Pskov and Velikoluksky diocese. It is part of the architectural ensemble of the Pskov Krom and is its main building.
Today's fourth building of the cathedral was built in 1699, in the same place where the previous temples stood. The first cathedral, built in the 10th century, by order of Princess Olga, was wooden, and stood until the first half of the 12th century, when it was destroyed by fire. The second cathedral was already made of stone and, according to church legend, was founded in 1138 by the holy noble prince Vsevolod Mstislavich.
In 1363 the vault of the temple collapsed and in 1365 a new cathedral was laid on the old foundation. In 1609, during a strong fire, a gunpowder warehouse exploded in the Kremlin, and the third building of the cathedral was destroyed by the blast wave. In 1699, the construction of the fourth cathedral, which has survived to this day, was completed.
Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery
height: 77 meters
Nikolo-Ugresh Monastery is an Orthodox male stauropegial monastery. Located at the address: Moscow region, mountains. Dzerzhinsky, St. Nicholas Square, 1 (m. Lyublino).
The monastery was founded in 1380 by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy on the site of the appearance of the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. According to legend, it was in this place that the army of the Grand Duke stopped to rest on the way to the Kulikov field. The appearance of the icon strengthened Dmitry Donskoy with faith and hope, which is why the Holy Blessed Prince said “This is all sinning my heart” (“It all warmed my heart”). Since then, this place has been called Ugresha, and the monastery itself has been called Nikolo-Ugreshsky.
The monastery was repeatedly burned and ruined, but quickly restored. In 1521, the monastery was burned to the ground during a raid on Moscow by the Crimean Khan Mehmed I Giray, but, as in previous cases, it was quickly restored.
Ascension Cathedral
height: 74.6 meters
The Ascension Military Cathedral is an Orthodox church in Novocherkassk, the second cathedral of the Rostov and Novocherkassk diocese and the main temple of the Don Cossacks. The remains of the Don atamans M. I. Platov, V. V. Orlov-Denisov, I. E. Efremov, Ya. P. Baklanov are buried here.
After the Ruski brothers left Russia in 1818, the construction of the cathedral was continued by the architect Amvrosimov. In 1846, during the reduction of the main dome, part of the temple suddenly collapsed. The same thing happened in 1863 with the second version of the cathedral, built according to the project of I. O. Valprede.
Initially, all the domes of the cathedral were covered with pure gold, and the main cross was inlaid with rock crystal. The height of the central dome with a cross reaches 74.6 meters. In Soviet times, the gilded copper coating was removed from the domes, instead the temple was to be covered with sheets of iron, but this was not done for a long time and the building was constantly exposed to the elements of nature - it was flooded, covered with snow, and the heating system was also disabled. In 1903-1923 the priest-martyr Zacharias (Lobov) was the dean of the cathedral. In 1934, the Ascension Cathedral was closed, the building itself was used as a warehouse.
The cathedral was reopened in 1942, during the German occupation. In the post-war years, a food warehouse was located in the basement, and church services were held upstairs. In 2001, large-scale restoration work began. In 2005, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Novocherkassk and the 100th anniversary of the opening of the cathedral, the restoration of the facade of the building was successfully completed. A lighting system and projections of biblical scenes on the facade are equipped. In 2010-2011, the domes were again covered with gold sheets, and a rock crystal stone was inserted into the cross.
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
height: 73 meters
The Cathedral of Christ the Savior is the main Orthodox church in Kaliningrad, designed by architect Oleg Kopylov. Designed for 3,000 people. Height (up to the cross) reaches 73 meters. The temple is located on the central square of Kaliningrad - Victory Square. The temple was built in the style of Vladimir-Suzdal temple architecture.
It has been under construction since 1995 (the foundation stone has been installed). In 1996, the President of Russia B. Yeltsin and Metropolitan Kirill laid a capsule with earth taken from the Moscow Cathedral of Christ the Savior at the base of the building. The construction was actively promoted by the governor of the region L. Gorbenko.
The upper Church of the Resurrection of Christ was consecrated on September 10, 2006 by Patriarch Alexy II, the consecration was timed to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the opening of the first Orthodox church in Kaliningrad.
The lower temple serves as a temple of military glory and is a memorial temple in memory of Russian soldiers who died in the Seven Years' War, Napoleonic Wars, World War I and World War II in East Prussia, the current Kaliningrad region.
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
height: 103 meters
The Cathedral Cathedral of Christ the Savior (Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ) in Moscow is the cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church near the Kremlin on the left bank of the Moscow River. The existing building is an external reconstruction of the temple of the same name, created in the 19th century, carried out in the 1990s. The names of officers of the Russian army who fell in the war of 1812 and other close military campaigns were inscribed on the walls of the temple.
The original temple was erected in memory of the Napoleonic invasion: “to preserve the eternal memory of that unparalleled zeal, fidelity and love for the Faith and the Fatherland, with which the Russian people exalted themselves in these difficult times, and to commemorate Our gratitude to the Providence of God, which saved Russia from the threatened her death." It was designed by the architect Konstantin Ton. Construction lasted almost 44 years: the temple was founded on September 23, 1839, consecrated on May 26, 1883.
The newly built Cathedral of Christ the Savior is considered the largest cathedral of the Russian Orthodox Church. The temple is designed for
10,000 people
Saint Isaac's Cathedral
height: 101.5 meters
St. Isaac's Cathedral (the official name is the Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dalmatia) is the largest Orthodox church in St. Petersburg. Located on St. Isaac's Square. Has the status of a museum; The church community, registered in June 1991, has the opportunity to worship on special days with the permission of the museum directorate. It was consecrated in the name of the Monk Isaac of Dalmatia, revered as a saint by Peter I, since the emperor was born on the day of his memory - May 30 according to the Julian calendar.
Built in 1818-1858 by architect Auguste Montferrand; the construction was supervised by Emperor Nicholas I, the chairman of the construction commission was Karl Opperman.
St. Isaac's Cathedral - an outstanding example of late classicism
Transfiguration Cathedral
height: 96 meters
The Transfiguration Cathedral is an Orthodox cathedral in Khabarovsk, built on the steep bank of the Amur in 2001-2004. According to a number of sources, it is the third tallest church in Russia after the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, as well as the tallest building in Khabarovsk.
The height of the domes of the Transfiguration Cathedral is 83 meters, the height with crosses is 95 meters. For comparison, the height of the Radio House, located next to the temple, is a little over 40 meters. The temple was designed by architects Yuri Zhivetiev, Nikolai Prokudin and Evgeny Semyonov. The frescoes inside the temple (on the dome of the Almighty Savior and the apostles) were made by a group of Moscow artists, specially invited to Khabarovsk on this occasion by Bishop Mark of Khabarovsk and Amur. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral is able to simultaneously receive three thousand parishioners.
Smolny Cathedral
height: 93.7 meters
Smolny Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ (Smolny Cathedral) is part of the architectural ensemble of the Smolny Monastery, which is located in St. Petersburg on the left bank of the Neva on Smolnaya Embankment. It is also a concert venue for classical music.
According to the layout of the ensemble of the Smolny Monastery (stored in the Museum of the Academy of Arts), a high 140-meter five-tiered bell tower was to be built. Thus, the height of this bell tower by 18 meters would exceed the height of the spire of the bell tower of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, and could become the tallest building in Europe. The first tier of the bell tower was supposed to serve as a triumphal arch - the main entrance to the monastery, the second - the gate church, and the belfries were to be located in the remaining three. The bell tower was to be completed by a small turret with three round windows and a dome with a cross crowning it.
However, contrary to popular belief, the ensemble of the Smolny Monastery was left without a bell tower at the behest of Rastrelli himself, and not because of a lack of funds (the construction of the bell tower was suspended in 1756, before Russia entered the Seven Years' War), although both of these facts could become decisive.
and here is the layout of "Smolny"
Alexander Nevsky New Fair Cathedral
height: 87 meters
The Cathedral of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky (Novoyarmarochny) is an Orthodox cathedral (since 2009) in Nizhny Novgorod. It was built in 1868-1881 according to the project of the architect L.V. Dahl.
In the protruding western vestibule, on the choirs of the large cathedral, there is the winter church of Macarius Zheltovodsky and Unzhensky.
In 1856, the fair merchants expressed a desire to build a second Orthodox fair temple in memory of Emperor Alexander II's visit to the fair and applied for the construction of a new cathedral to Bishop Anthony of Nizhny Novgorod, who, in turn, to the governor A. N. Muravyov. Donations were collected. The necessary funds (454 thousand 667 rubles 28 kopecks) were collected over 10 years.
On September 8, 1864, the symbolic laying of the foundation stone for the future temple took place. By 1864, the project of the provincial architect R. Ya. Kilevein was ready. It had to be reworked due to insufficient strength; after that, it turned out that there was not enough funding for such a project. The new project proposed by the young architect L.V. Dahl was also not approved.
On November 18, 1865, the project of the church was approved by the government. The authorship of the government-approved project has not yet been established accurately. In 1866, L. V. Dal returned to Nizhny Novgorod for permanent residence from abroad and finalized the design of the cathedral.
Blagoveshchensky cathedral
height: 85 meters
Cathedral of the Annunciation is an Orthodox church of the Russian Orthodox Church, located in the center of the city of Voronezh. It was built according to the project of the architect V.P. Shevelev in the Russian-Byzantine style. The cathedral is located on Revolution Avenue on the territory of Pervomaisky Garden. Construction was carried out from 1998 to 2009. The construction of the temple was blessed by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II during his visit to Voronezh.
In Voronezh, the Annunciation Cathedral (until 1836), the Smolensk Trinity Cathedral (closed in 1932), and the Intercession Cathedral (from 1948 to the present) had the status of a cathedral. The first two cathedrals were destroyed in their time.
Different researchers give different dates for the founding of the Cathedral of the Annunciation. Metropolitan of Kiev Eugene (Bolkhotnikov) believed that it was founded in 1620. Others believed that the date of foundation should be taken as 1586, that is, the year the city of Voronezh was founded.
Initially, the Church of the Annunciation was built of wood. Due to frequent fires, the temple was rebuilt, sometimes even moved to another place.
Savior on Spilled Blood
height: 81 meters
The Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ on Blood or the Church of the Savior on Blood in St. Petersburg is an Orthodox memorial single-altar church in the name of the Resurrection of Christ; It was built in memory of the fact that on this place on March 1, 1881, as a result of an assassination attempt, Emperor Alexander II was mortally wounded (the expression on the blood indicates the blood of the king). The temple was built as a monument to the Tsar-Martyr with funds collected from all over Russia.
It is located in the historical center of St. Petersburg on the banks of the Griboedov Canal next to the Mikhailovsky Garden and Konyushennaya Square, not far from the Field of Mars. The height of the nine-domed temple is 81 m, the capacity is up to 1600 people. It is a museum and a monument of Russian architecture.
On March 1, 1881, on the embankment of the Catherine Canal, Emperor Alexander II was mortally wounded as a result of an attack by the Narodnaya Volya terrorist I. I. Grinevitsky.
Already on March 2, at an emergency meeting, the City Duma asked Emperor Alexander III, who had ascended the throne, "to allow the city public administration to erect ... a chapel or a monument at the expense of the city." He replied: "It would be desirable to have a church ... and not a chapel." However, it was still decided to build a temporary chapel.
The project was entrusted to the architect L. N. Benois. The work was carried out quickly, so that on April 17, 1881, the chapel was consecrated and commemorative requiems began to be held in it. It cost practically nothing to the Duma: it was installed by the merchant of the 1st guild Gromov, the construction work was paid for by the merchant Militin, who also became the headman. This chapel remained on the embankment until the beginning of the construction of the temple - until the spring of 1883, after which it was moved to Konyushennaya Square, where it stood for another 9 years and was finally dismantled.
Trinity Izmailovsky Cathedral
height: 80 meters
Trinity-Izmailovsky Cathedral (Trinity Cathedral) - Orthodox Cathedral on Trinity Square in the Admiralteysky district of St. Petersburg. The full name is the Cathedral of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity of the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment.
The parish of the temple belongs to the St. Petersburg diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, is part of the Admiralty deanery district. Rector - Archpriest Gennady Bartov.
Under Emperor Peter I, a wooden chapel stood on this site.
After the flood, the architect V.P. Stasov was asked to develop a project for a new stone church. At the same time, the old wooden church should have remained a model.
The laying of the new church was made on May 13 (25), 1828 by Metropolitan Seraphim (Glagolevsky). The celebration was attended by Empress Maria Feodorovna and Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich. The construction was carried out at the personal expense of Emperor Nicholas I and government money. The cost of building the cathedral was 3 million rubles. Four years later, the building was rough ready and interior decoration began. During the construction process, it was necessary to restore the dome, which was torn down by a storm on February 23 (March 7), 1834, and rewrite some of the images.
Trinity Cathedral
height: 78 meters
The Holy Trinity Cathedral in Pskov is an Orthodox church, the cathedral of the Pskov and Velikoluksky diocese. It is part of the architectural ensemble of the Pskov Krom and is its main building.
Today's fourth building of the cathedral was built in 1699, in the same place where the previous temples stood. The first cathedral, built in the 10th century, by order of Princess Olga, was wooden, and stood until the first half of the 12th century, when it was destroyed by fire. The second cathedral was already made of stone and, according to church legend, was founded in 1138 by the holy noble prince Vsevolod Mstislavich.
In 1363 the vault of the temple collapsed and in 1365 a new cathedral was laid on the old foundation. In 1609, during a strong fire, a gunpowder warehouse exploded in the Kremlin, and the third building of the cathedral was destroyed by the blast wave. In 1699, the construction of the fourth cathedral, which has survived to this day, was completed.
Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery
height: 77 meters
Nikolo-Ugresh Monastery is an Orthodox male stauropegial monastery. Located at the address: Moscow region, mountains. Dzerzhinsky, St. Nicholas Square, 1 (m. Lyublino).
The monastery was founded in 1380 by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy on the site of the appearance of the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. According to legend, it was in this place that the army of the Grand Duke stopped to rest on the way to the Kulikov field. The appearance of the icon strengthened Dmitry Donskoy with faith and hope, which is why the Holy Blessed Prince said “This is all sinning my heart” (“It all warmed my heart”). Since then, this place has been called Ugresha, and the monastery itself has been called Nikolo-Ugreshsky.
The monastery was repeatedly burned and ruined, but quickly restored. In 1521, the monastery was burned to the ground during a raid on Moscow by the Crimean Khan Mehmed I Giray, but, as in previous cases, it was quickly restored.
Ascension Cathedral
height: 74.6 meters
The Ascension Military Cathedral is an Orthodox church in Novocherkassk, the second cathedral of the Rostov and Novocherkassk diocese and the main temple of the Don Cossacks. The remains of the Don atamans M. I. Platov, V. V. Orlov-Denisov, I. E. Efremov, Ya. P. Baklanov are buried here.
After the Ruski brothers left Russia in 1818, the construction of the cathedral was continued by the architect Amvrosimov. In 1846, during the reduction of the main dome, part of the temple suddenly collapsed. The same thing happened in 1863 with the second version of the cathedral, built according to the project of I. O. Valprede.
Initially, all the domes of the cathedral were covered with pure gold, and the main cross was inlaid with rock crystal. The height of the central dome with a cross reaches 74.6 meters. In Soviet times, the gilded copper coating was removed from the domes, instead the temple was to be covered with sheets of iron, but this was not done for a long time and the building was constantly exposed to the elements of nature - it was flooded, covered with snow, and the heating system was also disabled. In 1903-1923 the priest-martyr Zacharias (Lobov) was the dean of the cathedral. In 1934, the Ascension Cathedral was closed, the building itself was used as a warehouse.
The cathedral was reopened in 1942, during the German occupation. In the post-war years, a food warehouse was located in the basement, and church services were held upstairs. In 2001, large-scale restoration work began. In 2005, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Novocherkassk and the 100th anniversary of the opening of the cathedral, the restoration of the facade of the building was successfully completed. A lighting system and projections of biblical scenes on the facade are equipped. In 2010-2011, the domes were again covered with gold sheets, and a rock crystal stone was inserted into the cross.
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
height: 73 meters
The Cathedral of Christ the Savior is the main Orthodox church in Kaliningrad, designed by architect Oleg Kopylov. Designed for 3,000 people. Height (up to the cross) reaches 73 meters. The temple is located on the central square of Kaliningrad - Victory Square. The temple was built in the style of Vladimir-Suzdal temple architecture.
It has been under construction since 1995 (the foundation stone has been installed). In 1996, the President of Russia B. Yeltsin and Metropolitan Kirill laid a capsule with earth taken from the Moscow Cathedral of Christ the Savior at the base of the building. The construction was actively promoted by the governor of the region L. Gorbenko.
The upper Church of the Resurrection of Christ was consecrated on September 10, 2006 by Patriarch Alexy II, the consecration was timed to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the opening of the first Orthodox church in Kaliningrad.
The lower temple serves as a temple of military glory and is a memorial temple in memory of Russian soldiers who died in the Seven Years' War, Napoleonic Wars, World War I and World War II in East Prussia, the current Kaliningrad region.
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October 29, 2013
Church of St. Sava of Serbia in Belgrade
Russia, Serbia, Georgia - Orthodoxy dominates in these states. This is how it happened historically. Therefore, it is not surprising that it was in these countries that the most magnificent cathedrals of this branch of Christianity were erected.
Many will think that the largest Orthodox churches are in Russia. And they will be wrong. The largest is the Church of St. Sava of Serbia, which is located in the capital of Serbia - Belgrade. The cathedral rises on the Vryačar hill. If measured from east to west, then the length of the structure is 91 meters, from north to south - 81 meters. The height of the temple is 70 meters, which is less than that of the Moscow Cathedral of Christ the Savior (103 meters). However, the Russian cathedral extends only 60 meters in length on all sides. Thus, it is the Serbian temple that is rightfully considered the largest in the world.
The central dome of the Belgrade structure weighs about 4,000 tons. The dome painting is also striking in its scale - only the eyes on the face of Christ are more than a meter long. The Church of St. Sava of Serbia can be seen from anywhere in Belgrade, because its height above sea level is 134 meters.
The already mentioned Cathedral of Christ the Savior is the highest in the world. It is located near the Moscow Kremlin. The building that exists today was restored on the model of the temple of the same name, built in the 19th century.
Saint Isaac's Cathedral
St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg is slightly inferior to him. Its height is 1.5 meters. At the same time, it is the largest Orthodox church in the city. In addition, the object, located on St. Isaac's Square, has been given the status of a museum. This cathedral is named after the Monk Isaac of Dalmatia, a saint who was especially revered by Peter I.
Quite large Orthodox churches exist in Georgia as well. So, the main cathedral of the Orthodox Church of this country is the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Tbilisi. The structure, which has 13 thrones, has a height of 98 meters. The total area of the facility exceeds 5 thousand square meters.
In the Far East of Russia, in Khabarovsk, there is the Transfiguration Cathedral. It is the largest in the region. The height of the temple is 96 meters. Its construction was completed in the early 2000s. The building appeared on Glory Square and was consecrated in 2004.
Smolny Cathedral
One of the sights of Russia is the Smolny Cathedral, located on the embankment of the same name in St. Petersburg. The temple was built in 1835. The height of the modern building is 3.7 meters.
There are also large Orthodox churches in Nizhny Novgorod and Voronezh. We are talking about the Alexander Nevsky New Fair Cathedral (87 meters high) and the Voronezh Annunciation Cathedral (85 meters), respectively.
It is also worth noting the Timisoara Cathedral, which is located in Romania. The construction of the building with a height of 3.7 meters was carried out in 1936-1940. The decoration of the temple ended in 1956.
All of these temples are not only large, but also surprisingly beautiful structures. The best architects of different centuries, recognized both in their homeland and all over the world, worked on them.
